Exporters with regular FCL or LCL volumes often try contracting with ocean carriers to gain lower costs, but their volumes may not be large enough to achieve the desired rates. As a licensed non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC), Nippon Express USA can now offer its own ocean contracts to its customers. Known as NVO Service Arrangements (NSAs), these contracts allow exporters or importers to take advantage of all of their shipping volume to gain rates better than what is available through ocean carrier tariffs. These import and export customers negotiate with Arrow International GNS on confidential terms, conditions and rates that are exempt from the tariff publication requirements and that provide the shipper with competitive advantage.